![]() Vitamin D may influence hepatocytes and non-parenchymal hepatic cells (hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells) in NAFLD via metabolic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Previous studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency can significantly increase the risks of IR and MS. Fasting blood sugar, adiposity (central obesity), lipid and blood pressure are the component of MS criteria. Vitamin D levels have been reported to be inversely related with fasting glucose concentrations, adiposity, lipid, and blood pressure. Vitamin D deficiency is also a worldwide condition and is present in approximately 30–60% of the general adult population. ![]() The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing and has been estimated to be between 10 and 30% worldwide. NAFLD is reported to be associated with other systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance (IR), obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MS). ![]() Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as fat accumulation in the liver greater than 5% by weight in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Subjects with low vitamin D level had higher odds for MS, but higher levels of leptin, compared to those with high vitamin D levels. Vitamin D level was positively correlated with age and male, but negatively correlated with serum leptin level. Similarly, subjects in the lowest quartile of vitamin D had higher odds for MS than those in the highest quartile of vitamin D (aOR = 2.792, 95% CI = 1.719–4.538, P < 0.001). Subjects with serum vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency had higher odds for MS than those with sufficient vitamin D levels. Subjects in NAFLD group had a lower mean vitamin D than those in the control group (28.5 ± 9.5 ng/ml vs. The mean age was 57.1 years in NAFLD group and 57.5 in control group. Subjects were divided into NAFLD group and normal control (subjects number = 564 in each group) following abdominal US study and matching age and gender. The vitamin D level was evaluated by quartile divide or used the classification of deficiency ( 30 ng/ml). All subjects received a demographic survey, blood testing and abdominal ultrasonography (US). Methodsįrom August 2013 to August 2016, a community-based study was performed in the north-eastern region of Taiwan. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parameters, such as metabolic syndrome (MS), inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, high sensitive C-reactive protein) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin).
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